Productivity and Efficiency

According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, water efficiency is the smart use of our water resources through water-saving technologies and simple steps. Using water efficiently will help ensure reliable water supplies today and for future generations. Topics addressed in this theme provide insights, lessons, and guidance on how diverse stakeholders are working to improve water management and reduce water use.

Productivity and Efficiency Resources

Trickle Irrigation Design Parameters

Published: 
January 1, 1974
U.S. Agency for International Development
Trickle irrigation is a system for supplying filtered water and fertilizer directly on or into the soil. Spraying is eliminated and water is allowed to dissipate under low pressure in an exact predetermined pattern. The outlet device which emits the water into the soil is known as an "emitter...Read more
Regional focus: 
United StatesNorth America

Notes on the Propagation of Chinese Carps in Arkansas

Published: 
January 1, 1974
U.S. Agency for International Development
This document presents notes on the propagation of Chineese Carps in Arkansas. The purpose of such propagation which involves four different species of carp, is to provide abundant fingerlings for use in weed control in ponds, lakes and canals where fishes are raised for sport and water utilized...Read more

The Effect of Six Chemicals for Disinfection of Largemouth Bass Eggs

Published: 
January 1, 1974
U.S. Agency for International Development
SIX CHEMICALS -- FORMALIN, ACRIFLAVINE, ROCCAL, MERTHIOLATE, BETADINE, AND WESCODYNE -- WERE COMPARED IN THEIR EFFECTIVENESS AS DISINFECTANTS TO BE USED IN THE ARTIFICIAL INCUBATION OF EGGS FROM THE LARGEMOUTH BASS, MICROPTERUS SALMOIDES, LAC. EGGS INFECTED WITH AEROMONAS LIQUIFACIENS WERE...Read more

Changes in Pond Bottom Soils During the First Ten Years of Use

Published: 
January 1, 1974
U.S. Agency for International Development
A STUDY TO DETERMINE CHANGES IN POND BOTTOM SOIL COMPOSITION HAS BEEN IN PROGRESS AT THE MARION, ALABAMA NATIONAL FISH HATCHERY FOR MORE THAN TEN YEARS. THIS REPORT GIVES THE FINDINGS OF ANALYSES FOR CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM, PH, NITROGEN, AND ORGANIC CARBON. SAMPLES WERE TAKEN PERIODICALLY...Read more

Observations on the Biology of Macrobrachium Americanum Bate from a Pond Environment in Panama

Published: 
January 1, 1974
U.S. Agency for International Development
OBSERVATIONS ON THE BIOLOGY OF MACROBRACHIUM AMERICANUM FROM A 0.61-HECTARE POND ON THE PACIFIC SLOPE OF CENTRAL PANAMA WERE MADE FROM 1970 TO 1973. SPECIMENS WERE TRANSPORTED TO AUBURN UNIVERSITY IN 1970, AND THEIR GROWTH RATE AND COLD TOLERANCE WERE OBSERVED IN PONDS. FECUNDITY AND EARLY LIFE OF...Read more

Improving Food and Nutrition Through Aquaculture in the Developing Countries

Published: 
January 1, 1974
U.S. Agency for International Development
This paper describes selected aquaculture and discusses the most effective way to reinforce present research efforts. Research relating to LDC's should concentrate on important scientific problems concerned a small number of species: carps, catfish, tilapia, milkfish, mullets, and shrimps. The...Read more
Regional focus: 
East Asia and Pacific

Trends in Irrigation and Drainage Research

Published: 
January 1, 1974
U.S. Agency for International Development
If 18% of the crop land in Class 1 to 5 farms in the United States is irrigated and produces 25% of the total value of agricultural production it would seem that increased production can easily come from increased area irrigated. However, water supplies are limited. A more extensive use of...Read more
Regional focus: 
Latin America and the Caribbean

Fish Production in a Central Alabama Stock Water Pond

Published: 
January 1, 1974
U.S. Agency for International Development
THE USE OF SUITABLY CONSTRUCTED AND LOCATED STOCK WATER PONDS FOR FOOD FISH CULTURE IS RECOMMENDED, BASED UPON INVESTIGATION INTO THE POSSIBILITIES OF THESE SMALL BODIES OF WATER TO REAR A CHANNEL CATFISH-LARGEMOUTH BASS COMBINATION. STOCKED WITH 2,000 CATFISH AND 100 BASS PER ACRE WITH...Read more

Intensive Management of Water for Fish Production

Published: 
January 1, 1974
U.S. Agency for International Development
FISH PRODUCTION IN WARM WATERS OF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES HAS BEEN INCREASED FROM APPROXIMATELY 100 LBS. PER ACRE IN NATURAL WATERS TO 20,000 LBS. PER ACRE WITH INTENSIVE CULTURE SYSTEMS USING ARTIFICIAL CIRCULATION, FILTRATION, AND SUPPLEMENTAL FEEDING. INTENSIFICATION OF FISH PRODUCTION...Read more

Effects of Agricultural Limestone on Phytoplankton Communities of Fish Ponds

Published: 
January 1, 1974
U.S. Agency for International Development
Lime improves conditions for plant growth, thereby providing a greater food base for fish production. Because there are few data on the effects of lime on aquatic plants, this investigation was undertaken to gather information on phytoplankton density and composition in fish ponds after liming...Read more

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