Waste Management
According to WHO, poor waste disposal practices are responsible for a significant proportion of the world's infectious disease burden. In many areas, municipal sewage is often mixed with industrial waste and in some regions very little wastewater receives treatment before it is discharged into the environment. Resources available in this sub-theme include assessment reports of wastewater treatment plants, national strategies for sewage disposal, among other resources that support sustainable waste management.
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Waste Management Resources
Operating and Maintaining a Biogas System
Published:
January 1, 1982U.S. Agency for International Development
This technical note describes how to operate and maintain a biogas system. A biogas system is a means of digesting animal manure anaerobically to produce methane gas which is burned to provide heat or light. The system consists of one or more digester tanks, a gas holder, an arrangement of gas...Read more
Designing a Solid Waste Collection System
Published:
January 1, 1982U.S. Agency for International Development
This technical note describes how to design a composting system and arrive at the essential end-products. A composting system is a means of turning garbage, animal manure, other organic wastes, and, in some cases, excreta into compost. Designing a composting system involves determining the method...Read more
Constructing Slabs for Privies
Published:
January 1, 1982U.S. Agency for International Development
This technical note describes each step in constructing a slab. The slab is the floor of the privy. It covers the pit and has a hole through which to defecate. Constructing a slab involved assembling materials, tools, and labor, and building either a squatting slab or a sitting slab (seat &...Read more
Constructing Privy Shelters
Published:
January 1, 1982U.S. Agency for International Development
A privy shelter is a screen or structure that gives the person using the privy privacy. Depending on the design, a shelter can protect the user from the weather and keep out flies, rats, scavenging dogs, and other pests. Constructing a privy shelter involves assembling necessary labor, materials,...Read more
Constructing Compost Toilets
Published:
January 1, 1982U.S. Agency for International Development
This technical note describes each step in constructing a compost toilet. A compost toilet consists of a pair of waterproof vaults that receive excreta, ashes, sawdust, straw and grass. Each vault is equipped with a slab for defecating, a rear opening for removing compost, and a hole for a vent...Read more
Water for the World: Methods of Improving Environmental Health Conditions
Published:
January 1, 1982U.S. Agency for International Development
The technical note outlines several categories of diseases, as well as, specific conditions that might contribute to the transmission of the disease. In particular the focus is on water-borne, water-contact, or water-vector related diseases, and how improved environmental conditions may contribute...Read more
Recommended Wastewater Treatment Guidelines for the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Published:
July 13, 1981U.S. Agency for International Development
This report details the design and recommendations for a wastewater treatment facility in Amman, Jordan. It specifies, sequencing, solids handling facilities, appropriate technology, design criteria and activated sludge.Read more
Regional focus:
JordanMiddle East and North AfricaTechnical Recommendations for Wastewater Treatment Demonstration (Pilot) Plants for Lebanon
Published:
March 25, 1981U.S. Agency for International Development
An Environmental Sanitation Project has been undertaken jointly by the Lebanese government's Council for Development and Reconstruction (CDI), the Lebanese Ministry of Health (MOH) and the American University of Beirut (AUB) with financial assistance from U.S. AID for building two (2)...Read more
Regional focus:
LebanonMiddle East and North AfricaPreliminary Design Report: Wastewater Treatment Facilities; Irbid Municipal Water Distribution, Sewerage, Storm Drainage and Solid Waste Disposal Project
Published:
November 1, 1980U.S. Agency for International Development
This is a preliminary design report on a wastewater treatment facilities and disposal project. This preliminary design report culminates the first step of the design process. The report sets forth the design criteria, provides a description of the wastewater treatment and sludge handling processes...Read more
Regional focus:
JordanMiddle East and North AfricaAppropriate Methods of Treating Water and Wastewater in Developing Countries
Published:
January 1, 1978U.S. Agency for International Development
This volume concerns the proper site-specific selection of appropriate technology for water treatment and waste disposal systems in cities and towns of LDC's. Many water projects have not worked when direct technology transfers have resulted in the selection of treatment processes too...Read more
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