International interest in the socioeconomic development of traditional small-scale fisheries has grown rapidly in the last 10 years. This report, first in a series of country reviews, reviews the current status of Philippine municipal fisheries. Six areas are discussed: (1) Sector Overview: Although small-scale municipal fishermen (MF) annually provide 55-60% of the Philippine fish catch, their incomes are dwindling due to declining fish resources and rapid inflation. Recent surveys show MF incomes to be half the established poverty threshold. (2) Resources: Contrary to earlier views, evidence suggests that traditional fishing waters are being overfished and that maximum sustainable yields have been reached. (3) Technology: Traditional fishing methods are still widely used by MF; less than half possess motorized vessels. Technological research has been limited and aimed mostly at upgrading gear and vessels. (4) Socioeconomics: Statistical correlations show that successful MF are better educated but also more dissatisfied with their living conditions. Nearly half want to shift from fishing to another occupation. Those seeking a change, however, are younger, less educated, and poorer. (5) Development Programs: The two major developmental thrusts are increased production and improved marketing. For example, credit programs have helped MF acquire improved vessels, engines, and gear. Marketing projects have stressed the establishment of a nationwide cold storage network to speed distribution and reduce spoilage. (6) Management and Research: Because of overfishing trends and conflicts between commercial and municipal fishermen, steps are being taken to manage or restrict fishing, e.g., large vessels are prohibited from some coastal or shallow waters. Incentives to reduce fishing are needed to keep MF's from being further impoverished. Further research efforts should emphasize analytical and statistical studies aimed at understanding the dynamics of municipal fisheries, especially regarding MF's low standard of living. Appendices include a 99-item bibliography (1950-80) and research recommendations of the Philippine Council for Agricultural and Resources Research.