India produces approximately 48 million tons of urban solid waste annually. Current generation is about 0.46 kg per capita per day, two to three times more than rural waste generation and is increasing by 1.3% per year. These increases and changes will further stress already limited financial resources and inadequate waste management systems. This project note looks at municipal waste management in India and reviews emerging Private Sector Participation arrangements as Urban Local Bodies strive to achieve improved service in response to tightening environmental rules.