A study was conducted to investigate the flushing flow characteristics of flushing emitters, the hydraulics of emitter lines under steady flow conditions, and the uniformity of distribution of emitters as influenced by emitter variations and other environmental factors. The study was composed of three parts: (1) A theoretical analysis employing computer programs. (2) A laboratory analysis of emitter lines. (3) A field analysis of a trickle irrigation system under actual field environmental conditions. Eight different types of emitters were studied, one non-flushing and seven flushing, and differences between emitters are discussed and recommendations are made concerning the selection of flushing emitters, design of emitter lines, and maintaining maximum efficiency in regards to uniformity of distribution.