The results of an extensive program of field research on the effectiveness of various irrigation technologies and management practices in developing countries are summarized in this book, which argues that the ultimate goals of irrigation projects must be set within the larger context of social and cultural values. Applying a management model to empirical studies from India, Thailand, Pakistan, and Egypt, the contributors offer new perspectives on evaluating investments in small-scale irrigation projects, water allocation improvement, system rehabilitation and maintenance, water pricing, government food policy, technical assistance, and project sustainability. The analysis of specific small-scale projects suggests that there are many opportunities for improving farmer participation and thus for increasing the chance of success of these projects. (Author abstract, modified).