The United States Agency for International Development has been providing assistance to the Government of Brazil in freshwater fisheries since 1966. The project goal established for this assistance to create a freshwater fisheries group capable of planning and conducting practical research programs in the fields of food technology, fish culture, and fisheries biology. The purpose is to increase fish production in Northeast Brazil through proper management of the freshwater fisheries, improvement of fish processing methods, and the introduction of intensive fish culture techniques. Once these purposes are achieved, general well-being of the people can be improved by increasing the amount of protein available for human consumption and by creating opportunities for capital investment. This report summarizes and evaluates USAID assistance in fisheries biology, and provides a brief description of the Drought Polygon of Northeastern Brazil, the reservoir fisheries, the marketing systems and sections on past and present strategy, project status, and recommendations for future action.