To identify socio-economic research issues for fisheries development in the world's developing nations, 22 university and governmental personnel met for two and one-half days in October 1972, at the University of Rhode Island. Participants were divided into three working groups, with each assigned to consider issues in one of the following areas: 1) commercial fisheries, 2) artisan coastal and inland fisheries, and 3) the relationship between agriculture and fisheries. Commercial fisheries were defined as a special circumstance of deep ocean fishing, while artisan coastal and inland fisheries were defined to include the remainder of fishing activity. Past fisheries development research efforts have concentrated on locating and identifying ocean stocks, and designing capture gear and techniques and training fishermen in their use, rather than on social-economic issues. With the increasing awareness of limitations in natural fishery stocks and aquaculture potential, the interest in solving the world protein shortage with fishery products does not seem realistic and has receded. In areas of the world in which incomes are rising, increased demand and higher prices for fish and fish products can be expected, as can rapid population growth. In particular, market development and modernization, a systems management approach to river and coastal lagoon development and the integration of fisheries with agricultural enterprises seem critical.