Since 1983, a condition referred to as seabass (Lates calcarifer) kidney disease has occurred among cultured populations of this species in southern Thailand. The disease generally apppears about six weeks after hatching or at culturing time in the cages, and in some cases, causing mortality exceeding 90 percent. The etiology of the disease is unknown. Same work by Thai scientists indicates that bacteria is not responsible, but further research is still needed. one might expect kidney di eases to be caused by several factors, including environmental, dietary and infectious conditions.In examining the cause of the seabass kidney disease, the contribution of each will be evaluated so that more clear understanding of the etiology and possible control can be achieved.